CHAIR OF

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

AND AUTOMATION

The eMobility Competence Center project addresses the structural challenges and develops solutions in key areas as part of a newly established competence center, which will significantly strengthen cooperation between SMEs and university research and teaching. The knowledge can be transferred directly to the affected supplier industry, where it can help to successfully manage structural change and exploit new economic opportunities. In addition to the primary objective of building up and transferring core know-how, the main focus is on the long-term anchoring of the knowledge gained in economic structures that create jobs.

The IAF is responsible for the complete vehicle sub-project within the project. The focus of the research is on the use of innovative drive systems under real-life conditions. As a strategic research approach, supported by a development claim committed to sustainability, the longevity and thus maintainability of electromobile overall systems, in particular the electric storage systems, is the focus. The work focuses on the development and testing of maintenance-friendly energy storage technology in modular design, new, simple system architectures for vehicle control systems and the systemic design of special applications relating to battery assembly.

The following sub-projects are being worked on within the research area:

• Flexibly configurable production system for the modular construction of powertrains using the example of the traction battery (IAF / G. Wagenhaus)
• Battery concept : design, production and assembly-oriented adjustment (IWF / Prof. Jüttner, IMK / Prof. Grote)
• Genetic development of HV storage systems and sub-modules (IMK / Prof. Grote)
• Energy-efficient, safe high-voltage grid for electric vehicles (IMT / Prof. Vick, IESY / Prof. Lindemann)
• System solution for inherently safe energy storage (IAUT / Krause, ISUT / Prof. Beyrau)
• Energetic optimization of thermal conditioning in electric vehicles (ISUT / Prof. Beyrau)

For the demonstration and transfer character of the overall project, application scenarios will be operationalized in technology carriers in cooperation with industry in Saxony-Anhalt and consistently further developed and optimized.

The work is being carried out within the Editha cross-institute research group for electromobility. Project homepage www.editha.eu
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The eMobility Competence Center project addresses the structural challenges and develops solutions in key areas as part of a newly established competence center, which will significantly strengthen cooperation between SMEs and university research and teaching. The knowledge can be transferred directly to the affected supplier industry, where it can help to successfully manage structural change and exploit new economic opportunities. In addition to the primary objective of building up and transferring core know-how, the main focus is on the long-term anchoring of the knowledge gained in economic structures that create jobs.

The IAF is responsible for the complete vehicle sub-project within the project. The focus of the research is on the use of innovative drive systems under real-life conditions. As a strategic research approach, supported by a development claim committed to sustainability, the longevity and thus maintainability of electromobile overall systems, in particular the electric storage systems, is the focus. The work concentrates on the development and testing of maintenance-friendly energy storage technology in modular design, new, simple system architectures for vehicle control systems and the systemic design of special applications relating to battery assembly.

In the sub-project "Configurable production system for obsolescence-free traction batteries" supported by the Chair of Factory and Production Systems, the following topics are being addressed.

• Determination of requirements for production systems for the body-flexible, semi-automated production of traction battery modules
.
• Determination of specific planning requirements from the small series character for the development of an assembly system component catalog
.
• Experimentally tested concept for a scalable, partially optimized production and assembly process using the example of modular traction batteries

For the demonstration and transfer character of the overall project, application scenarios will be operationalized in technology carriers in cooperation with industry in Saxony-Anhalt and consistently further developed and optimized.
The work is being carried out within the cross-institute research group for electromobility Editha. www.editha.eu

Head of Competence Center eMobility Research Area Complete Vehicle: Dipl.-Ing. Gerd Wagenhaus
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After years of intensive growth, the implementation of a capacity-adapted production control system, taking into account the current bottleneck situation and the resulting order initiation, presents the players in a steering gear manufacturing company with new operational challenges.

The scientific support provided by OVGU includes the validation and development of production control to ensure robust production, in particular the implementation support of a developed logistics concept, the configuration of series production of in-house production components and a facility study for the in-house production components. The existing production processes and the information required for control are to be evaluated in accordance with customer and product requirements and reorganized if necessary.
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In the course of supporting a growth-oriented manufacturer of timber constructions, the conception, dimensioning and implementation support of a logistics concept for semi-automated production with high variance is the subject of the scientific expertise of the OVGU university team. After a detailed analysis of the current situation, data preparation and the collection of quantity structures, the aim of the work is to create variants of area and arrangement concepts and to check the plausibility of the prioritized machine layout according to the production process.
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After years of intensive growth, the implementation of a capacity-adapted control system, taking into account the current bottleneck situation and the resulting order initiation, presents the players in a steering gear manufacturing company with a new operational challenge. The aim of the scientific support provided by OVGU is organizational implementation, the evaluation of the functionality of the production control system and the empowerment of employees to act in a self-organizing manner. Especially against the background of historically grown production processes for series production and the development towards a flexible series manufacturer, the previous production processes and the information necessary for control must be evaluated in principle according to customer and product requirements and, if necessary, reorganized.
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The increasing triumph of electric drives in vehicle construction is leading to further modularization of the components in the e-mobile drivetrain. While the electric drive unit has already been technically optimized over many years, new ground is largely being broken in the area of battery design, both at cell level and in the area of the battery pack. In addition, this is where the greatest product-specific development effort for the e-drive train itself lies. This applies to both the functionality and the design of the battery system component. At the same time, the area of cell development is subject to considerable turbulence. The battery with its electrical/thermal functionality essentially determines the subsequent performance characteristics of the vehicle and represents one of the largest and most uncertain cost blocks. The project addresses the process capability of the components and system designs for the automatability/partial automatability of battery assembly and defines the requirements for a process-stable and assembly cost-optimized product and process design on the basis of fundamental design developments of serviceable traction batteries and their functional structure using the example of our own vehicle developments and the cells used.
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With the increasing introduction of completely new drive systems in vehicles, the requirements profile for production structures and organizations in automotive engineering is also changing. Previous functional scopes in production systems are becoming obsolete, the modular design of vehicles is being decisively driven forward by the further standardization of the same and completely new functional scopes must be implemented, not least in consideration of cost aspects, without being able to fall back on knowledge bases from the past. All OEMs are faced with the same challenge here, which arises from the new nature of the components in electric powertrains. This includes the process-reliable implementation of requirements and the simultaneous, consistent use of the potential for simplifying production systems resulting from the new vehicle architecture. On the basis of its own e-mobile test vehicles and taking into account the changing supplier structures and in cooperation with vehicle manufacturers, the project defines the adaptation effort for the automobile production of the future for electromobile applications.
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The stakeholders of a mechanical engineering company intend to review their manufacturing processes and the assembly of machine tools in the form of a flow line with regard to efficiency and flexibility. The task and objective of the joint development within the facility study is to determine the causal problems by means of suitable process models and tools for systematic, operationally coordinated analytical penetration of the overall problem situation in order to design and develop measures and solutions as a result of organizational/technical adjustments as quickly as possible. The aim of the research work is the theoretical and practical development of organizational solutions in production areas as well as the analysis of effective and success-oriented implementation using a participatory approach.
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The stakeholders of a transmission manufacturing company intend to review their manufacturing processes for mechanical parts production and subsequent assembly of components for electric steering gears, which have so far been based on experience, with regard to efficiency and flexibility. Based on the preliminary study "Adapted operational organizational routines as the basis of a sustainable logistics concept for steering gear parts production", standards for the flow of information in the manufacturing process are generated, so that the manufacturing system to be established has clear workflows with defined system states for the product/product range and the technological process as well as the integrated logistics functions. The aim of the research work is the theoretical and practical development of organizational solutions in production areas and the analysis of effective and success-oriented implementation using a participatory approach.
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The stakeholders in a transmission manufacturing company intend to review their manufacturing processes for the production of mechanical parts and subsequent assembly of components for electric steering gears, which up to now have been based on experience, in terms of efficiency and flexibility. The aim is to generate standards for the manufacturing process under the given conditions, such as production program and restrictions from the technologies used as well as historically determined organizational processes, to the extent that the manufacturing system to be established on this basis results in clear workflows with defined system states for the product/product program and the technological process as well as the integrated logistics functions.
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In the course of supporting a growth-oriented manufacturer of timber constructions, the integration of intelligent Industry 4.0 technology against the background of organizational adaptability is the subject of scientific research by the university team of the Chair of Factory Operation and Production Systems. In addition to increasing the degree of automation, the main aim is to industrialize the peripheral performance so that the market-determining position can be expanded. Based on a well-founded analysis of the product range and future production scenarios, a technological redesign and integration study of the production equipment used is carried out, followed by the necessary expansion planning of the factory and building infrastructure.
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At a leading international manufacturer of large-diameter bearings, the production site is characterized by an increasing proportion of customer production. Particularly in technically/technologically dominated production sections, the classic conflict of objectives arises between adherence to delivery dates (or throughput time) and capacity-oriented machine utilization as influencing variables on production costs and logistical parameters of production. The production process is characterized on the one hand by administrative preparatory work in the sense of technical/technological clarification and on the other hand by the processing that takes place after order release.
The aim of the project is - via an inventory of determining and descriptive factors - to determine influencing factors on the resulting throughput time and to design measures to reduce the average throughput time by analytically penetrating the causes.
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Against the background of historically grown manufacturing processes for the production of highly customized complete solutions, a manufacturer of special, process and automatic cranes intends to fundamentally review its manufacturing and assembly processes, which have so far been based on experience. The existing production processes are therefore to be reorganized and redesigned in line with changing customer and product requirements. Under the given conditions of a heterogeneous production programme and changed restrictions from the technologies used as well as historically determined organizational processes, efficient process sequences with clearly defined workflows and system states for the product, for the technological process and integrated logistics functions are to be generated.
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The use of electric powertrains in future automotive applications leads to a completely new approach to the functional assemblies by systematically rethinking the overall system architecture of the automobile. The internal combustion engine powertrain was a key component in the decades-long development of the current overall automotive system architecture and the production systems derived from it. A clear trend towards the modularization of assemblies is already evident here and is being consistently developed further. The implementation of electric powertrains opens up new design possibilities for the construction of the overall system architecture of the automobile, but also new challenges in the product development process. The increased implementation of module assemblies from system suppliers (battery module, drive module) is leading to a further reduction in in-house production depth. The planning and control of production and assembly systems and the associated development of unique selling points as the remaining core competence in the product development process is inevitably becoming the focus of economic considerations. Ensuring highly flexible and customer-specific assembly processes through the arrangement methods used to date in the production system is increasingly coming up against functional limits that need to be addressed and overcome.
In January 2016, the joint project Competence in Mobility (CoMo) III was launched, in which the IAF is responsible for the complete vehicle sub-project and is in charge of the conception and realization of the electrically powered automotive functional models to be researched. The research objective of the IAF is the analysis, design and organization of production systems for highly modularized electric vehicles. The work is carried out within the cross-institute research group for electromobility Editha.
Cooperations: Ambulanz Mobile GmbH & Co KG
www.editha.eu
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In the course of the constantly developing application possibilities of electrical components in vehicle construction, a system partner of the transportation industry would like to open up new application and system fields for the expansion of its product portfolio. The focus here is on the conversion and storage of the kinetic energy of the truck-trailer combination into electrical energy and its use for the auxiliary units on a truck trailer. The project serves to create the "electric trailer" application environment in order to enable and test the functionality of the components developed and used. The use case resulting from this project, the development of a self-sufficient auxiliary power unit whose system is supplied with electrical energy by means of recuperation, is a central component of the research project.
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As part of the development and long-term support of synchronized flow assembly at a regional supplier of timber roof constructions close to the construction industry, the successful expansion of the factory planning and the associated construction of a hall and innovative machinery is now followed by comprehensive detailed conceptual design in the sense of detailed process structuring and the temporal, organizational dimensioning of activities depending on different product variants. The aim is to create a basis both for a well-founded assessment of the necessary resources for optimal production planning and control of orders and for the necessary calculatory assessment variables in the context of cost determination and price generation.
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Supported by the OVGU, in cooperation with local industry, research groups on the complete vehicle and the wheel hub motor have so far advanced the development of complete vehicle concepts and the technological development of electric powertrain components with and for the wheel hub motors in a timely and simultaneous manner. In this project, the in-depth technological expertise that has been built up is combined in an integrative manner in a single function carrier. Against the background of wheel hub drives that do not yet exist in series production, research is being carried out in particular into the testability of the integration capability of this prototype with regard to the control technology connection to the overall vehicle, thermal integration of the wheel hubs into the overall vehicle system and the size-dependent integration of these into the vehicle. Their constructive design and layout is the central scientific object of consideration for the fundamental realization of a vehicle drive based on wheel hub motors.
An interdisciplinary team from the Chair of Technical Dynamics, Design Engineering and Mechatronics at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering is involved in the work.
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At a leading international manufacturer of slewing bearings, an analysis of order throughput times revealed a high variance in throughput times due to experience-based and historically founded rules, which in practice are also undermined by various influencing factors. The aim of the project is therefore to implement defined rules and routines in the sense of self-regulating control systems, so that the order throughput leads to a deliverable, on-time and thus robust completion of slewing bearings by means of sequencing. The project process is based on a concept detailing and requirements specification and the subsequent construction of a pilot area. After fine-tuning, the roll-out takes place within real production.
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An assembly structure for the production of panel and wall element construction is to be implemented at a regional construction-related supplier of timber roof constructions. Panel and wall element construction differs considerably from the company's previous basic business in terms of organizational and technical requirements, particularly with regard to vertical integration and quality requirements. The aim of the work is the systematic derivation and planning of an optimal assembly structure under the premise of implementing a system that can be expanded in stages, which has a high degree of flexibility with regard to the variants to be assembled as well as the considerably fluctuating seasonal call-off quantities. As part of the system design, structurally appropriate systems and equipment as well as the provision of materials are dimensioned and implemented in an optimized production layout depending on the expansion stage.
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Drive technology in the automotive industry in Germany is currently facing the challenge of replacing conventional combustion technology with a variety of modular and alternative drive concepts. The dramatic diversification of the vehicle and product range in recent years has opened up a further area of application for electromobility in urban areas in particular. In order to tap into these potential fields and areas of application, the project stakeholders involved need an overall conceptual understanding of the interaction between the electric drivetrain and alternative energy supply by means of range extenders to extend the range of electrified vehicles. The medium-term use of range extenders to compensate for range disadvantages will therefore also play a decisive role in the timely progress of electromobility.

The overarching aim of the joint project is to gain insights into the integration and operation of a range extender using the example of a test vehicle. Work package 4 therefore pursues the following objectives: Determination of operating strategies for the use of alternative energy sources, overall design of range extenders under electromobility driving conditions,development of network for electromobility applications,basic design of automotive module carriers.
The knowledge gained forms an important basis for the development of the system components in work packages 1-3 of the joint project and ensures that the requirements for lightweight construction, acoustics and energy management are met. 
The following university partners are involved in the joint project in the four work packages under the project management of Prof. Hermann Rottengruber: WP1: Intake module: IMS (Prof. R, IFME), WP2: Exhaust gas aftertreatment system: (IMS, IFME),WP3: Oil pan: OVGU (IMS, IFME), WP4: Test platform: OVGU-IAF Chair of Factory Operation and Production Systems as coordinator for a team of employees from the Chairs of Design Engineering, Technical Dynamics and Mechatronics

The joint project is funded by the EUROPEAN UNION Investments in your future European Regional Development Fund (FKZ: 1304/00028)
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The automotive sector covers a broad spectrum of research opportunities. In line with the competencies and resources at OVGU Magdeburg, the Automotive research and transfer focus focuses on three project areas, all in the field of electromobility, in which a large number of different research projects are being carried out. The focus of these projects is interdisciplinary collaboration, which is promoted by the cooperation within the research focus.

The IAF is coordinating the sub-project "2General vehicle & special applications" with the objectives of researching suitability for everyday use and range reliability, the use of single-wheel drive with motor concepts close to the wheels, the use and application of different energy sources and the development of operating strategies for range extenders.
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In a company producing large rolling bearings, a cross-location optimization of the supply chain is to be designed to reduce throughput times. The task here is to generate robust production processes under the given conditions in such a way that, on the basis of a defined material and information flow, idle and storage times are largely avoided and thus an acceleration of order processing with a reduction in circulating stocks can be achieved by influencing internal plant processes to control the material flow. The aim of the project described here is to determine the time components of the supply chain that can be influenced by means of structured, analytical penetration of the processes found and to identify possibilities for reducing the time components according to type and scope, taking into account the associated investments. This project lays the foundation for sustainably influencing the total throughput time of production orders and the associated clear work processes for controlling the material flow.
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Innovation processes in companies always predominantly describe ex-post processes in order to subsequently provide measuring points and brands (gates) for a rigid controlling system. In reality, however, intensive communication processes take place between units or individuals, which can lead to innovations through new knowledge. All these processes are based on what already exists, so that innovations are generated in many different places, so that we can speak of distributed re-innovation or distributed innovation. These mechanisms, which exist in all organizations or even in inter-company contexts, can be used more effectively in a targeted manner if management is prepared to create the appropriate conditions. To this end, management principles and instruments are developed in international coordination, which provide support particularly in the early phases of innovation (idea generation and invention). The description succeeds via spaces that can be spanned across dimensions. The transition to concrete prototypes, which can be defined more project-related within the framework of movement spaces, is particularly exciting. All considerations are based on the empirical innovation model commonly used at the chair.
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As a result of increased and qualitatively changed demand for roof constructions for single and multi-family houses, a regional construction-related supplier is faced with the challenge of restructuring its production processes. In order to meet the dynamic requirements of the market, a targeted expansion of the capacities of the company's main technologies is to take place with minimal investment costs for building and operating technology. [The aim is to characterize the future production program on the basis of a well-founded analysis of the product range and customer withdrawal behavior in such a way that a versatile and efficient overall production process is created by supplementing existing production routines. Using selected components of the FacToTuM mobile factory planning workstation, a digital processing of product, equipment and property data was carried out, as a result of which a successively realizable layout concept was developed in terms of a justifiable investment volume. The success of this approach lies in the basic understanding of planning: the IAF planners go on site and check their results at every stage of the planning process for plausibility and correctness in relation to the operational practice. In addition to a considerably accelerated planning process, this approach results in a high level of acceptance of the solution found among the employees. After project completion, the company has a step-by-step plan for successive restructuring and expansion of the plant structure at its disposal, the first practical implementations of which were already being used successfully at the end of the project.
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Due to an upcoming expansion investment and against the background of a completely newly developed production range, the overall operational processes in a die-casting lightweight construction company were examined with regard to the integration of future machines and systems into the respective existing production process. The Magdeburg researchers determined the general material flow relationships between the machines and carried out expansion planning of the overall project within a variant planning process in such a way that future options for further growth are also given. The solution found for the expansion planning simultaneously brings together several currently fragmented ancillary areas, resulting in a powerful industrial complex in terms of the production of die-cast lightweight construction. The Magdeburg researchers developed a list of criteria for the systematic selection of a preferred option under the conditions of different alternative tests, one of the characteristics of which was the future viability of the site against the background of the renewing product range. This project was successfully completed within a very short time (6 weeks), not least thanks to the high level of commitment shown by the employees on site.
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In a production for large ball bearings, which has developed from unicum production to small batch production with small lot sizes characterized by heterogeneous system status so far the production processes of the assembly of large ball bearings, rather experience-led, in principle and robust manufacturing processes be generated. On this basis a production system with clear operational sequences and with defined supervisor states for the product and the technological process as well as integrated logistics functions is to be established. Against the background of historically grown production runs for the unicum production and the development to the small batch producer the past production sequences runs the principle in accordance with according to the customer and product requirements again. Result of the pre-project was the conceptual development of the non-worth-drawing activities in the bearing installation. In the subsequent project the conversion of the realizations is located in the center.

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In a production facility for ball bearing rings, the production site is characterized by dominant production equipment, whose capacity utilization and efficiency are the main causes of production costs. Customer production, which has now extended to ring production, gives rise to the classic conflict of objectives between adherence to delivery dates (or throughput time) and utilization-oriented machine allocation as influencing factors on production costs and logistical parameters of production. In addition, as in the present case, the control and intervention logic for the manufacturing process is often historically characterized and thus takes insufficient account of the changing framework conditions. The aim of the project is to record and characterize the functioning of the production system at the present time by means of a detailed inventory of determining and descriptive factors. By comparing market requirements and system-inherent modes of operation, as a result of existing organizational solutions, the design requirements of the future with the respective necessary measures are determined and shown.
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In cooperation with the Chairs of Factory Operation and Production Systems at the IAF (responsible for coordination), the Chair of Ergonomics and Work Design at the IAF, the Chair of Design Engineering at the IMK, the Chair of Technical Dynamics at the IFME and the Chair of Mechatronics at the IMS, based on a cooperation with L.E. mobile from Leipzig, a purely electric vehicle is being developed. This roadworthy and approved vehicle is to serve as a long-term test vehicle.

The system configuration and the construction of the mechanical, mechatronic elements as well as the basic system configuration are the responsibility of the university, while the implementation of the battery management system and the control technology adaptation of the vehicle are the responsibility of the external cooperation partners.  

When selecting the drive system, the project team attached great importance to an independent drive system as a unique technical feature so that the vehicle is also suitable for future drive and engine generations. The aim is to exceed the current restrictions of known vehicle conversions in terms of user characteristics as far as possible, so that a vehicle suitable for everyday use in the urban environment of larger metropolitan areas is created.  

The editha electric vehicle, which was registered for road use in June 2012, has the following performance features:

• Speed: 100 km/h
• Range: 130 - 150 km
• Consumption: 12 kWh / 100km
• Axle power: 20.5 kW (for continuous travel), max. 26 kW
• Battery capacity: 15.6 kWh
• Overall efficiency from charging plug to wheel " Tank-to-Wheel": 70.3 %

The research vehicle is characterized by the following unique features:

• independent drive system with two motors installed close to the wheels
• consistent weight minimization of the overall vehicle
• Targeted design of an energy-efficient drivetrain
• Display instruments for intelligent driving style and efficient use of recuperation

Further development approaches will be covered in later projects, including the integration of new development work that arises.

Within the framework project, the following sub-projects are being worked on at the individual chairs:

• Sub-project 1: Motor and battery concept for electric vehicle conversion
(Chair of Design Engineering at the IMK)
• Sub-project 2: Motor and battery concept for electric vehicle conversion
(Chair of Mechatronics at the IMS)
• Sub-project 3: Development and simulation of an electrified drivetrain for an electric vehicle conversion (Chair of Technical Dynamics at IFME)
• Sub-project 4: Planning and design of new operating and display concepts for electric vehicles
(Chair of Ergonomics and Work Design at the IAF)
• Sub-project 5: Efficient production of electric vehicles
(Chair of Factory Operation and Production Systems at the IAF)

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Based on the participation of two students, Stefan Lüdecke and Michael Niebuhr, in the WAVE rally (participation of purely electric vehicles) from Paris to Prague in September 2011, a product benchmark of previously used electric vehicles was carried out by the scientific staff of the IAF to bridge the approx. 240 kilometers to be driven per day. Based on the participation of the two students and the benchmark guidelines developed by the IAF staff, both product-related and route-related requirements for the electric vehicles were recorded and the performance represented by the respective use of the vehicles was measured. Against the background of the large number of vehicles used - approx. 50 % of which were test vehicles and approx. 50 % were already usable series vehicles from major manufacturers - it was possible to draw an overall conclusion with regard to current design principles and the battery systems used. Against the background of the vehicles used and the daily requirements demanded by the route, the participating project team was able to draw a conclusion regarding the current suitability of electric vehicles for use. In addition to the average performance of series vehicles, the test vehicles in particular impressed with either particularly good usage qualities and characteristics or special defects that led to quite dramatic restrictions. Against the background of their participation in the aforementioned 14-day tour, the students were able to determine important design and construction aspects for a potential in-house development of an electric vehicle on the basis of the comparative vehicles.
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Within the "Smart Energy with Smart People" project, 5 industrial sub-projects were carried out at the IAF. The project objective was to analyze energy consumption and derive proposals for increasing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized companies. Student project teams were closely involved in the work on site.

The focus of sub-project 5 in a service and real estate company of an industrial park was the analysis, evaluation and optimization of energy consumption with the aim of developing a strategy for sustainable customer loyalty through the provision of land, buildings and infrastructure with an optimal energy balance. As a result of the project work, specific recommendations for action were developed, leading to the further development of an energy management system and the improvement of energy efficiency.
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Within the "Smart Energy with Smart People" project, 5 industrial sub-projects were carried out at the IAF. The aim of the project was to analyze energy consumption and derive proposals for increasing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized companies. Student project teams were closely involved in the work on site.

The focus of sub-project 4 in a steel construction company specializing in the production of industrial halls was characterized by the fact that it highlighted only limited possibilities for energy savings through more efficient technical systems on the one hand and through factory organizational influence with regard to the efficient use of energy on the other. It was noted that the company's relatively high energy consumption made it a very interesting energy consumer. In the summary of several projects in the region, it was agreed that the possibility of pooling (combining energy purchases) should be examined in the fall of 2011 in order to create a supply network of energy-intensive companies. In view of the increased energy consumption, this could lead to high potential savings in energy procurement. At the same time, it became apparent that operational organizational influences are of a fundamental nature if disproportionate savings effects are to be tapped. Following the new organizational concept, heating costs were reduced by around 30 %.
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Within the "Smart Energy with Smart People" project, 5 industrial sub-projects were carried out at the IAF. The project objective was to analyze energy consumption and derive proposals for increasing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized companies. Student project teams were closely involved in the work on site.

The focus of sub-project 3 in a production facility for welded constructions was the characterization of the production organization with regard to its influence on energy consumption as a combination of the individual means of production and the deployment of employees with regard to the reduction and sustainable use of energy in the company. In this respect, the production system itself was subjected to a qualitative analysis of the processes in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

In the course of the project, measures for factory organizational change options were proposed to the company, most of which are redundant with energy-saving options. In a further step, a comprehensive discussion and implementation of the operational organizational model is required.
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Within the "Smart Energy with Smart People" project, 5 industrial sub-projects were carried out at the IAF. The project objective was to analyze energy consumption and derive proposals for increasing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized companies. Student project teams were closely involved in the work on site.

Sub-project 2 in the production of welded components and structural elements for the construction industry focused on two key areas:

• Revision of the production organization for the optimal arrangement of operating resources and workstations for optimal energy use
• Determination of technical possibilities for the efficient use of energy in production
[Due to the limited available meaningful data on energy consumption (global recording) within the production and office building with regard to the processes and the existing production layout with its production control, it was necessary to carry out a series of surveys within the project in order to achieve a planning-capable state within production. Measures for a 25% energy saving were proposed to the company. The planned implementation of the target layout was already completed by the end of August, so that in addition to an energy assessment and optimization of production, it was also possible to successfully implement a change in production technology and organization for the entire company. The employees were involved during the process, which resulted in a high level of awareness regarding the use of energy in the company.This text was translated with DeepL

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Within the "Smart Energy with Smart People" project, 5 industrial sub-projects were carried out at the IAF. The project objective was to analyze energy consumption and derive proposals for increasing energy efficiency in small and medium-sized companies. Student project teams were closely involved in the work on site.

The focus of sub-project 1 - powder coating plant components and units - was on reducing the generation of process heat, which accounts for well over 50% of the final energy consumption in the company in question. The technical and technological boundary conditions for the operation of the plant currently provide for the waste heat to be predominantly discharged into the environment. Within the project, approaches were developed to rethink the main focus on main material flow, inventory minimization and minimum investment, and to consider operating costs when selecting a suitable system or its components (so-called life cycle costs).

In addition to the conception of basic solution approaches to exploit the savings potential identified, the manufacturing parameters that ensure the smooth operation of the machines and systems were taken into account when deriving implementation measures. Interventions in these production-sensitive processes were weighed against the potential energy savings identified.
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A sustainable influence on energy processes in production is a major challenge for many operational players in the near future. Against the background of the perception of a dramatic price development for electrical energy, a sustainable influence on the use of electrical energy and heat appears to be necessary.
From the point of view of the researchers at the IAF, investment-driven changes to existing technical solutions are only of limited use, particularly for highly flexible SMEs, as they can very often distract from a different view of existing production structures.

Based on five industrial sub-projects on smart energy with smart people and the knowledge gained, the IAF has developed a set of tools for the energy-oriented evaluation, planning and design of production systems.

By means of selected analysis methods, their combinatorics, an energetic evaluation of the manufacturing processes used and the quality of energy recording, the entire production system can be evaluated with regard to its energy efficiency using the toolkit. This set of tools is essentially geared towards the most practicable use in SMEs.
This text was translated with DeepL

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For a production area for complex outdoor advertising for a Global Player of the petrol industry as well as a number of restaurant chains a considerable vertical range of manufacture in combination with an assured availability of parts as well as a short-term reaction on customer requirements with coexistent decrease of the necessary expenses has to be guaranteed.
Analysis of the customer-driven picking area revealed that just material flow optimization would not result in the performance features aimed at. Besides the logical assignment of the stock items to customer groups, intelligent communication paths, communication flows and communication densities were identified as the key instruments to meet all requirements set by the packaging department management. Based on evaluations of communication flows and communication densities, labour processes were reorganized along the material and communication flows. Additionally functional areas were newly dimensioned and allocated as input for the newly designed layout that has been implemented.

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Vor dem Hintergrund sich verknappender Ressourcen werden bei der Bewertung von Produktionssystemen ressourcenseitige oder im Spezialfall auch energetische Betrachtungen immer wichtiger. Untersuchungen in der Produktion unterschiedlichster Schrauben großer Abmessungen standen im Mittelpunkt des Projektes. Gemeinsam mit den betrieblichen Akteuren wurden die betrieblichen Abläufe analysiert. Auf der Basis der vorhandenen Gegebenheiten wurden grundlegende Betrachtungen zur angewandten Technologie sowie zum betriebsorganisatorischen Konzept, welches die bestimmenden Randbedingungen der betrieblichen Anlagen darstellt, erhoben und bewertet. Neben der Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Energie-Sankey-Diagramms zur Lokalisierung und qualitativen Bestimmung energieintensiver Prozesse, wurden diese vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer Einbindung in das bestehende materialfluss- und informationstechnische System "Fabrik" charakterisiert. Auf der Basis dieses systematischen Vorgehens der Fabrikplanung aus der fabrikökologischen Sicht wurden dann entsprechend des Pareto-Vorgehens grundlegende Möglichkeiten eruiert und Maßnahmen abgeleitet. Diese bewirken eine Erhöhung der entsprechenden Energieeffizienz insgesamt. Generell kann festgestellt werden, dass die bisherigen energetischen Erfassungssysteme in den Unternehmen eine einzelne Bewertung von Prozessschritten oder Maschinen und Anlagen erschweren. Ursache dessen ist die energetische Infrastruktur, besonders bei bereits länger bestehenden Fabriken, welche häufig eine verursachungsgerechte Einzelerfassung und Ausweisung von Verbräuchen nicht zulassen. In diesem Falle hat sich die bilanzielle Betrachtung mittels Eingangs- und technologischen Messdaten sowie die Erfassung der energetischen Ausgangsdaten (Produkt, Maschine, Abprodukt und weitere) als hinreichend genau erwiesen, um qualitative Aussagen treffen zu können. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse kann dann, durch Reflexion der Beeinflussbarkeit der jeweiligen qualitativen Bestandteile ein Maßnahmenplan entwickelt werden. Dieser kann neben den prinzipiellen Möglichkeiten zur Erschließung auch die energetischen Einsparungspotenziale abschätzen. Mit dieser Grundlage ist es möglich, begründet durch die jeweiligen Einsparungen, die Maßnahmen wirtschaftlich zu bewerten und damit in die betriebliche Praxis zu überführen.

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Die Digitale Fabrik, als Umsetzung konsequenter IT-Nutzung in der Fabrik, ist seit Jahren zentraler Ansatzpunkt innovativer Planer. Neben hoher Datenverfügbarkeit und Aktualität beschleunigt sich dabei vor allem der Fabrikplanungsprozess. Bei der Anwendung innovativer Planungsinstrumente zeigt sich jedoch, dass unterschiedliche und meist sehr heterogene Datenbestände als Eingangsgrößen für den Planungsprozess in den Unternehmen vorliegen. Insbesondere der Mittelstand stößt bei der Aufbereitung dieser Datenbestände häufig an zeitliche und vor allem kapazitive Grenzen. Mit dem Einsatz moderner Erfassungssysteme, wie dem LaserScanner der Firma FARO, sind Planer mittels 3-D-Scans in kürzester Zeit in der Lage, Bestandserfassung von Produktionssystemen durchzuführen. Die Technik ist hocheffizient und kann ohne Beeinträchtigung bei laufender Produktion grundlegende Layoutdaten und 3-D-Modelle vorhandener Maschinen erfassen. In der Praxis zeigte sich jedoch, dass Fabrikplaner häufig die vektorformatigen verwendungsfähigen Grunddaten für die Planungsaktivitäten erst schaffen müssen. Hierbei gilt, je höher die Datengenauigkeit, desto expotential höher der Aufwand und die benötigte Zeit.
Während beim Einsatz innovativer Scan-Technologien die physische Datenbeschaffung sehr gut gelöst ist (Erfassung der 3-D-Layout als Punktwolken), bleibt nach wie vor der zeitbestimmende Faktor für die Fabrikplanung die Datenaufbereitung. Die Magdeburger Forscher des IAF haben hierzu neben einem bisher kaum beschritten Weg, der Nutzung hybrider Daten je nach fabrikplanerischem Bedarf (level of detail), den Einsatz eines VR-Modellers zur Datenrückführung erprobt, welcher auf der Basis erfasster Punktwolken in der Lage ist, Datenrückführungen in Vektorformate durch Nutzung gemessener 3-D-Punkte zu ermöglichen. Hierbei wird auf die prinzipielle Kubatur der zu betrachtenden Objekte abgestellt, ein VR-fähiges, hinreichend genaues Modell für die Optimierung von Produktionssystemen erstellt. Mit diesem sind die Planer in der Lage, nach vorgegebenen Zielfunktionen (z.B. Minimierung der Investitionskosten, etc.) komplette Fabrikplanungen in kürzester Zeit durchzuführen. Mit fortschreitendem Planungsgeschehen steigt dann in aller Regel der Genauigkeitsbedarf der Daten. Die in groben Planungsphasen verwendeten Grundkubaturen können dann durch die Verbindung zur genauen Datenerfassung (beispielsweise die Punktwolke, oder 3-D-Konstruktion des Lieferanten) fallspezifisch ergänzt werden. So gelingt es, bedarfsgerechte, genaue und flüssige Darstellung zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Planungsgeschehens der Produktionssysteme auf vorhandener transportabler EDV-Technik zu ermöglichen. Am Beispiel der Planung eines Produktionssystems für eine Dachstuhlfertigung konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass ca. ein Drittel der Erfassungsaufwände vermieden werden konnten. Der Planungsprozess vom Planungsanstoß bis zur Bauübergabe wurde von ca. 6-8 Wochen auf 4-6 Wochen reduziert.

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Über die Bewertung von Kernkompetenzen zu Kernprozessen zu finden, fordert letztendlich auch deren wirtschaftliche Integration in die bestehende Fertigung. Gemeinsam mit einem Global Player des Anlagenbaues aus der Region wurden wesentliche technologische Kernkompetenzen für den zukünftigen Fertigungsstandort evaluiert und mittels Turbo-Fabrikplanungssystem "Factotum" auf Realisierbarkeit geprüft. Auf Grundlage des extrem gestrafften Planungsprozesses unter Anwendung neuester alternativer Methoden gelang es innerhalb kürzester Zeiten, detaillierte Aussagen zur Umsetzung zu erhalten, so dass der Kooperations- und Forschungspartner zeitnah an die Realisierung des Fertigungssystems gehen konnte. Die Nutzung neuester wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse führte damit nicht nur zur methodischen Erweiterung und Straffung fabrikplanerischer Vorgehensweisen, sondern bewirkte hier eine zügige und sichere Entscheidungsfindung für den Ausbau der Fertigungskapazitäten.

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Powered by strong success visions, extremely efficient self-organised innovation processes may emerge outside of organizational boundaries and across conventional hierarchies. The more such innovation networks expand, the more pressing is the need for a shared sense of trust, reciprocity, informality and community among members. Only on this base, organizational efforts can be focused on the learning processes, the acquisition of new insights and additional knowledge. Although Concurrent Innovation is increasing chances and lowering the risks for all partners, the processes involved are complex and depend on grown experiences on the field. The crucial trust base between the partners will erode if transparency of the processes, the learning progresses, or the motivation of partners are lacking. Learning through collaboration and effective self-organization absolutely requires that the network has a window on the partners capabilities and assets, which is provided by the subsequent monitoring and control procedure.  A procedure for Monitoring and Control of Innovation in Networks is derived as follows:

• Description of the collaboration and the objectives to go for
• Decomposition and Analysis of the Innovation object attributes for market performance
• Skills/Competency profiles for market- und co-operation requirements Technologies/Competencies in line with the phases of Innovation (stage wise)
• Enumeration of the specific and total attractiveness of the collaboration object
• Check of utility / effort ratio for all partners and all phases, expressed in linkage intensities
• Initiation of corrective actions if and where needed. Issue resolution and escalation support.
• Evaluation
The information provided may be used to cover all specifics for a distinct innovation object in a COIN (Collaborative Innovation Network) and, moreover, to support benchmarking of other concurrent innovations, allowing to gain more experience in e.g. early detecting risky constellations or in reliably forecasting chances of success.   Another important step on the way to a Concurrent Innovation Base of Knowledge (CI_BoK) that had been initiated by a framework for Small and Medium Sized Extended Enterprises and ESoCEpedia http://www.ami-communities.eu/wiki/ESoCEpedia as the proper CI terminology for the CE community: http://www.esoce.net/. If innovation network members continuously evaluate their performances, monitoring and control of innovation processes will make collaborative activities more efficient and strengthen the trust bases at long term. The attributes to be monitored can be reduced to a small set of Key Innovation Indicators (KII) allowing the control of COINs. Moreover the collection, the accumulation and the systematisation of these indicators, observed in Concurrent Innovation processes, may eventually pile up considerable CI experience and result in a Base of Knowledge for the support effective and efficient CI processes. The information provided may be used to cover all specifics for a distinct innovation object in a COIN (Collaborative Innovation Network) and, moreover, to support benchmarking of other concurrent innovations, allowing to gain more experience in e.g. early detecting risky constellations or in reliably forecasting chances of success.   Another important step on the way to a Concurrent Innovation Base of Knowledge (CI_BoK) that had been initiated by a framework for Small and Medium Sized Extended Enterprises and ESoCEpedia http://www.ami-communities.eu/wiki/ESoCEpedia as the proper CI terminology for the CE community: http://www.esoce.net/. If innovation network members continuously evaluate their performances, monitoring and control of innovation processes will make collaborative activities more efficient and strengthen the trust bases at long term. The attributes to be monitored can be reduced to a small set of Key Innovation Indicators (KII) allowing the control of COINs. Moreover the collection, the accumulation and the systematisation of these indicators, observed in Concurrent Innovation processes, may eventually pile up considerable CI experience and result in a Base of Knowledge for the support effective and efficient CI processes.

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Die Carcoustics GmbH mit Sitz in Haldensleben plante im Jahre 2008 eine Produktionserweiterung. Als direkter Zulieferer für VW und Audi gestalteten sich die Absatzmengen 2008 so, dass eine Erweiterung unumgänglich wurde. Aus der Historie heraus lag der Carcoustics GmbH ein 2D-Layout vor, was jedoch in Anbetracht der verfahrenstechnisch dominierten Anlagen nicht hinreichend genau für die Einplanung neuer Maschinen war. Das IAF wurde beauftragt in einem einmonatigem Projekt die Datengrundlage für die Einplanung neuer Anlagen zu schaffen. Unter Nutzung der Scantechnologie der FARO GmbH stellten die Mitarbeiter des IAFs bei einer ersten Begehung einen Messplan auf und führten an einem produktionsfreien Tag den Scan der Produktionshalle durch. Innerhalb von nur 6 Stunden lag das Messergebnis der gesamten Halle vor, das als Grundlage für die Maschinenanordnung ausreichend war. Auf Basis derlaufenden Forschungsarbeiten zur Umsetzung von gescannten Modellen in vektororientierte Grafikmodelle erfolgte dann die Datenrückführung, die innerhalb kürzester Zeit abgeschlossen werden konnte. Dafür setzte das IAF die adaptive Nutzung von Modellbibliotheken ein, die in aller Regel hinreichend genau für fabrikplanerische Anordnungsverfahren sind. Bei den klassischen Methoden wie Rückführung mittels algorithmische Triangulation sowie klassisches Nachzeichnen durch Punkt- undFlächenerkennung gilt, dass der Nachbearbeitungsaufwand von gescannten Modellen für solche Datenrückführungen ein Aufwandsverhältnis von 1:10 (1 Stunde Scan zu mindestens 10 Stunden Rückführungsarbeitsaufwand) beinhalteten. Durch die Anwendung einer umfangreich vorhandenen Modellbibliothek am IAF konnte dieser Aufwand um 75% verringert werden, so dass das Aufwandsverhältnis derzeit ca. 1:2,5 beträgt. Dadurch wird das aus der Messtechnik stammende Verfahren des dreidimensionalen Scannens auch für Fabrikplaner interessant. Auf Basis der geliefertenDaten konnte Carcoustics die Erweiterungsplanung 2008 in kürzester Zeit vornehmen und bis Jahresende umsetzen.

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Die Verkürzung von Produktlebenszeiten als Ausgangspunkt für sich immer schneller wandelnde Produktionssysteme stellt die Praktiker vor die Aufgabe, effiziente Produktionssysteme innerhalb kürzester Zeiten konzeptionell zu planen und vor allem zu realisieren. Größtenteils stehen solche Planungsprozesse unter enormen Zeitdruck und in aller Regel fehlen eine ganze Reihe notwendiger Planungsinformationen. Gerade für den Mittelstand stellt deshalb der Rückgriff auf planerisch verwendbares Erfahrungswissen der Mitarbeiter eine nicht zu unterschätzende Wissensbasis für die kurzfristige Erarbeitung von Produktionskonzepten dar. Begründet auf mathematischen Grundverfahren der Anordnungsoptimierung durch die Minimierung von Transportleistungen in Produktionssystemen sind erweiterte Kriterien zur Berücksichtigung praxisrelevanter Gegebenheiten bei der Planung umsetzungsfähiger Layoutkonzepte notwendig. Betriebliche Prozessabläufe beruhen auf dem Austausch von Informationen und der Kommunikation über deren Inhalte. Unternehmen des klein- und mittelständischen Sektors haben die Bedeutung der Gestaltung ihrer Informations- und Kommunikationsbeziehungen (IuK) als "mission critical" erkannt. Der personengebundene Austausch von Informationen gilt bei vielen Unternehmen gerade als Voraussetzung von Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit betrieblicher Prozessabläufe. Eine Kurze-Wege-Mentalität ist dabei auffällig. Aufgrund der Vielschichtigkeit der Begriffe Information und Kommunikation und deren jeweilige Bedeutung war im Laufe der Untersuchungen eine Eingrenzung des Untersuchungs- und Anwendungsfeldes notwendig. Als Fokus dient schlussendlich die Frage: Ist eine bestimmte Nähe zwischen den Arbeitsplätzen eines Produktionsbereiches aufgrund der spezifischen Eigenschaft ihrer IuK-Beziehungen (z.B. direkte Sprachkommunikation) notwendig? Ein vorläufiges Ergebnis der Forschungsarbeiten stellt der Kommunikationskennwert als Wichtungsgrad layoutrelevanter IuK-Beziehungen dar. Die Wichtigkeit einer IuK-Beziehung bestimmt sich über die Parameter "Informationsgehalt", "Übertragungszeit" und "Kommunikationshäufigkeit", deren formale Beschreibung Ziel der laufenden Arbeiten ist. In einem ersten Anwendungsszenario wurde bei der idealen Layoutplanung des Produktionsbereiches eines Maschinenbauunternehmens die Entfernungsabhängigkeit der IuK-Beziehungen bei direkter Sprachkommunikation integriert. Als Stellvertretergröße der Entfernungsabhängigkeit dient die Abnahme des Sprachschallpegels über die Sender-Empfänger-Entfernung bei einem mittleren Störgeräuschspegel im Produktionsbereich.

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Für einen baunahen Zulieferer komplexer Produkte wurde für die Fertigung eine wandlungsfähige und effiziente Gestaltungslösung geplant und mittels VR-Werkzeugen zu einer bauseitig weiter zu verfolgenden Lösung umgesetzt. Bei der Gestaltung des Fertigungslayouts waren Gestaltungsprämissen moderner Produktionskonzepte, wie übersichtliche und transparente Material- und Kommunikationsflüsse, als lösungsbestimmte Optima der neuen Fertigung umzusetzen. Die Layoutplanung erfolgte mit dem am IAF entwickelten Werkzeug FACTOTUM unter Anwendung einer kommunikationsorientierten Optimierung der Maschinenaufstellung zur Bewältigung marktdynamischer Einflüsse auf die Fertigungsorganisation. Das Ziel des Vorhabens war es, in kürzester Zeit (ca. 8 Wochen) eine analytisch fundierte Lösung für eine neue Fertigungsorganisation zu finden, partizipativ weiter zu verfolgen und zu verankern und damit den dynamischen Anforderungen des Marktes unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten gerecht zu werden. Dabei steht die Erarbeitung eines optimierten Fertigungslayouts als Basis der dann weiter zu führenden Bauplanung im Vordergrund.

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The project aims at developing a novel management methodology to support extended enterprises in their implementation process of e-business strategies and so to enhance competitiveness in an ever increasing turbulent environment with special focus on the complexities of the whole supply chain. The project adopts a dual approach: a macroscopic market approach and a microscopic organizational approach and synthesizes both into a personalised e-business roadmap for facilitation of strategic decisions. The objectives of the project are the development of an enabling methodology for the implementation, adaptation and optimization of e-business strategies covering the whole supply chain, its validation in a representative constellation of test cases, its facilitation through software based application aids and its launch on the market for industrial adoption and the exploitation of a new content management service with e-business focus.

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"Erweiterung des Fabrikplanungsarbeitsplatzes FacToTuM um partizipative Elemente mobiler Gestaltung von Produktionssystemen in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von virtueller Realität"Die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und der zukünftige Erfolg von klein und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMUs) hängt mehr und mehr von der Fähigkeit ab, sich zu wandeln, d. h. permanent und zielgerichtet Umfeldanforderungen und Unternehmensleistung abzugleichen. Damit steigen die Anforderungen an schnellstmögliche Konzeption, wirtschaftlichen Anlauf und effizienten Betrieb von Produktionssystemen, wobei sich die zur Verfügung gestellten Planungszeiträume reduzieren. Die Virtual-Reality-Umgebung ermöglicht das (dreidimensionale) Erleben eines zu planenden Produktionssystems. Der Betrachter kann die Anlage betreten ("Walkthrough") und innerhalb der virtuellen Welt interagieren. Die Aussicht, VR-Technologien mobil machen zu können, um ortsungebunden die Vorteile für die Fabrikplanung zu erschließen, ist mit Blick auf die sich immer mehr verflechtende I&KStruktur bereits viel versprechend. Mit dem am IAF entwickelten Arbeitsplatz FACTOTUM (FACtory Tool- and Tuning Master) liegt eine durchgängige planungsunterstützende Lösung vor, die als geeignete Ausgangsplattform für Entwicklungen in dieser Richtung dienen kann. Der dort implementierte Funktionsumfang soll gezielt ausgebaut und methodisch erweitert werden, damit er bei dezentral verteilten Planungs-/ Gestaltungs- und Entscheidungsprozessen in der Fabrikplanung Einsatz finden kann. Hierzu werden alle wichtigen Bausteine der bestehenden Lösung auf eine leistungsfähige neutrale Plattform gehoben, so dass einer verteilten Mehrplatz-Arbeitsweise entsprochen wird sowie eine leistungsfähige Synthese aus empirisch/erfahrungsgeleitetem Planen und mathematisch/ formalen Planungsroutinen entsteht. Die Erweiterung des Arbeitsplatzes FACTOTUM betrifft vorrangig die softwaretechnische Integration von Routinen/Programmteilen wie:- Module zur Unterstützung von Entscheidungsprozessen bei nicht eindeutigen oder nur empirisch vorhandenen Erfahrungswelten- Lösungen zur Dezentralisierung der Visualisierung- Integration von Projektmanagementwerkzeugen zur Abrundung der Funktionalität.

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The network will bring together industrial and academic partners with proven experience in the development of methodologies and tools to support Extended Enterprises. The network will integrate and build upon this expertise by workshops, conferences and modern methods of dissemination and knowledge transfer including web-based. New topics and projects will be added to the network, which will have the responsibility to integrate the many ideas into a thoroughly holistic approach. The network will facilitate important interfaces: between industry and the European Commission, between research and implementation and between the harder technological developments and business and organisational issues.

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The project aims at developing an International Sourcing model and specifying supporting IT tools in order to improve business relationships between Chinese and European SMEs.The target groups are Chinese SMEs, which have or are going to establish international business relationships with Europe firms, which could get potential advantages from the implementation of International Sourcing strategies to better match the European SMEs supply needs. Case studies in China, Italy and Germany will provide the project requirements.The main project results are:(1) innovative and gobal EU-Chinese International Sourcing model to improve the supply chain between European and Chinese SMEs(2) the provision of Chinese SMEs with guidelines about ICT solutions in order to effectively implement the developed international sourcing model(3) the transfer of know-how and ICT solutions from Europe to Chinese SMEs to manage efficiently international sourcing processes(4) the support of European and Chinese SMEs for tackling with and overcoming constraints deriving mainly from economic and cultural differences and barriers(5) a contribution to the improvement of business relationships between Chinese and European SMEs(6) dissemination of results to European and Chinese Community.(7) specification of an ICT platform for international sourcing activities(8) training and promotion of project concepts and results in Europe and China(9) increasing awareness of European SMEs with respect to Chinese industrial environment and vice versa resulting in more efficient and beneficial supply chains

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Die Kooperationsforschung entwickelt sich nur langsam und parallel zu den Bedürfnissen der Unternehmenskooperationen. Anfangs lag das Hauptaugenmerk auf Kooperationsbörsen und die Unterstützung in der Anbahnungsphase durch Kammern, Verbände und sogenannte Auftragsbroker. Das verbundbegleitende Kooperationsmanagement ist hingegen methodisch noch nicht sehr ausgereift. Hier setzt KORAMA an. Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines Instruments zur Unterstützung und des Controllings für die Wachstums- und Reifephase von Kooperationsverbünden.^aIn der Vorbereitungs- und der ersten Projektphase konnten bereits zahlreiche Klein- und Kleinstunternehmen aus der Anwenderzielgruppe für eine Zusammenarbeit gewonnen werden. Gemeinsam wurden Anforderungen an Art und Umfang des Instrumentariums systematisiert. Trotz unterschiedlicher Unternehmensgröße, unterschiedlicher Verbundgröße, unterschiedlicher Branche und Region konnten zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten festgestellt werden. Besonders auffällig sind vergleichbare Anforderungen an Entscheidungskriterien, Entscheidungsalgorithmen und Verteilungsschlüssel für Verantwortung und Gewinn. Insbesondere letzteres sind keine einmalig in der Gründungsphase festzulegende Regeln, sondern dynamische, stark den sich ändernden Randbedingungen unterworfene Entscheidungen. Die im Projektverlauf herausgearbeiteten Kooperationsmerkmale haben vordergründig beschreibenden und klassifizierenden Charakter. Im Laufe des Projektfortschritts wurden diese zu einem Indikatorgerüst für das Management des Kooperationsprozesses verdichtet.

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Im Mittelpunkt des Vorhabens soll das im Expertenkreis »Zukunftsstrategien« entwickelte Konzept der »weichen« Strategieressourcen stehen, die eine unverzichtbare Ergänzung zum Einsatz hochentwickelter Produkt- und Verfahrenstechnik und zu hoher technischer Innovationskompetenz sind.Aus ersten Vorbesprechungen der Projektpartner kristallisierten sich sechs Problemstellungen heraus, die im Verbundprojekt schwerpunktmäßig bearbeitet wurden:- Einführung von Inselfertigung und Gruppenarbeit als Voraussetzung höherer Flexibilität, Marktreaktivität und Mitarbeitermotivation- Organisatorische und informationstechnische Fertigungsintegration bei flexibler Fabrik- und Fertigungsorganisation- Verbreitung von Wirtschaftlichkeitsdenken im gesamten Unternehmen- Verbesserung der Kooperation zwischen Marketing, Konstruktion und Fertigung- Zwischenbetriebliche Kooperation zur besseren Ausnutzung spezialisierter Betriebsmittel und Wissensbestände- Integration von längere Zeit arbeitslosen Fachkräften in moderne Fertigungen

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Mit dem Forschungsvorhaben »Neue Produktionssysteme/Experimentelle Fabrik« besteht an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg ein Forschungsverbund mit den Grundforschungsgebieten:- Beschichtungstechnologien- Betriebliches Lernen und Planen- Managementtechniken zu Produktionsstrategien und technischen Innovationen- Material- und Prozeßoptimierung zur Bearbeitungszeitverkürzung und Produktweiterentwicklung- Produktentwicklungs- und Produktentstehungsprozesse- Mikroproduktionstechnik.Dabei nutzen kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen der Region Kern- und Problemlösungskompetenzen bzw. Ressourcen der Experimentellen Fabrik und erzielen über Ressourcenteilung gewünschte Beschleunigungs- und Synergieeffekte.Die Aufgabe des Leitprojektes besteht in der Projektbewertung und -koordination unter der Maßgabe einer zielorientierten Steuerung des Zusammenwachsens des Gesamtvorhabens. Entsprechend dem Leitgedanken des Vorhabens, Grundlagen- und Applikationsforschung mit dem Ziel konkreter Produkt- und Prozeßinnovationen zu betreiben, ist eine exakte Evaluierung zur Empfehlungsunterstützung des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates entwickelt worden.

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Die grundlegende Schwäche vieler ostdeutscher Unternehmen, so läßt sich der aktuelle Forschungsstand zusammenfassen, liegt offenkundig nicht in Defiziten einer "intelligenten" Nutzung vorhandener Technik. Generelles Ziel des geplanten Vorhabens soll es deshalb sein, im Verbund einer Gruppe von ostdeutschen Unternehmen und Forschungsinstituten: - Wege zur Überwindung dieser Defizite intelligenter Techniknutzung zu erkunden und exemplarisch zu beschreiten und - hiermit in der industriellen Praxis bewährte, robuste Lösungen zu entwickeln, die dann auch von anderen ostdeutschen Unternehmen ohne unvertretbares Risiko übernommen werden können. Im Mittelpunkt des Vorhabens soll das im Expertenkreis "Zukunftsstrategien" entwickelte Konzept der "weichen" Strategieressourcen stehen, die eine unverzichtbare Ergänzung zum Einsatz hochentwickelter Produkt- und Verfahrenstechnik und zu hoher technischer Innovationskompetenz sind.

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